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The Principles for School Mathematics provide guidance to teachers, school administrators, and other professionals in
making educational decisions that have important consequences for students and for society.
The Equity Principle
Excellence in mathematics education requires equity - high expectations and strong support for all students.
The Curriculum Principle
A curriculum is more than a collection of activities: it must be coherent, focused on important mathematics, and
well articulated across the grades.
The Teaching Principle
Effective mathematics teaching requires understanding what students know and need to learn and then challenging and
supporting them to learn it well.
The Learning Principle
Students must learn mathematics with understanding, actively building new knowledge from experience and prior knowledge.
The Assessment Principle
Assessment should support the learning of important mathematics and furnish useful information to both teachers
and students.
Principles and Standards for School Mathematics
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
April 2000
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